After-school sports programmes and social inclusion processes in culturally diverse contexts: Results of an international multicase study.

This research aimed to understand the role of after-school sports programs in social inclusion processes in culturally diverse contexts through a multicase study within two locations. The first location was in Spain where immigrant and Spanish students were enrolled, and the other was in Chile with Mapuche-Huilliche students, immigrant and Chilean students. The implemented programs at both sites were similar in their educational focus on socio-educational values, and teaching models (hybridization of teaching games for understanding and cooperative learning) that enhance social inclusion. Using individual and group interviews with teachers, sports coordinators, parents, and students, a qualitative approach was used to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the social inclusion processes. In addition, the researchers used qualitative observations of the programs over six months using "notes logbook" to record their impressions during the observation process. Results indicated that the implemented sports programs successfully facilitated social inclusion processes, enabling the development of interpersonal skills and relationships between students from different cultural backgrounds. The previous training and experiences of teachers in culturally diverse contexts, and incorporation of traditional sporting games from all cultures, seems to be an important facilitator factor for the inclusion potential of the implemented programs.

Arbitrary optical wave evolution with Fourier transforms and phase masks.

A large number of applications in classical and quantum photonics require the capability of implementing arbitrary linear unitary transformations on a set of optical modes. In a seminal work by Reck et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.73, 58 (1994)10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.58], it was shown how to build such multiport universal interferometers with a mesh of beam splitters and phase shifters, and this design became the basis for most experimental implementations in the last decades. However, the design of Reck et al. is difficult to scale up to a large number of modes, which would be required for many applications. Here we present a deterministic algorithm that can find an exact and efficient implementation of any unitary transformation, using only Fourier transforms and phase masks. Since Fourier transforms and phase masks are routinely implemented in several optical setups and they do not suffer from some of the scalability issues associated with building extensive meshes of beam splitters, we believe that our design can be useful for many applications in photonics.

El uso de sistemas de evaluación formativa y compartida en las aulas de educación física en educación primaria / The use of formative and shared assessment systems in physical education classrooms in primary education / O uso de sistemas de avaliação formativa e compartilhada nas aulas de educação física em educação primária

Objetivo: establecer si maestros de educación física utilizan sistemas de Evaluación Formativa y Compartida en sus aulas, y observar las ventajas e inconvenientes que supone la implementación de este tipo de evaluación. Método: estudio con diseño de metodología mixta. Se seleccionó una muestra a conveniencia de 17 maestros. Como instrumentos para la obtención de datos se aplicó un cuestionario cerrado con escala tipo Likert y se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Resultados y conclusión: se encontró que los docentes sí utilizan sistemas de Evaluación Formativa y Compartida en el aula, y consideran que la ventaja fundamental es que el alumnado se hace consciente y mejora su proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Como inconveniente principal, los maestros destacan la carga de trabajo que supone, tanto para el profesorado, como para el alumnado.

Objective: To establish if physical education teachers use formative and shared assessment systems in their classrooms, and to observe the advantages and disadvantages of using this type of assessment. Method: Study with mixed methodology design. A sample of 17 teachers was selected at the convenience. As instruments for obtaining data, a closed questionnaire with a Likert-type scale was applied, and semi-structured interviews were carried out. Results and Conclusion: It was found that teachers do use formative and shared assessment systems in their classrooms, and they consider that the fundamental advantage is that students become aware and improve their teaching-learning process. As the principal disadvantage, teachers highlight the workload that it entails for both, teachers and students.

Objetivo: estabelecer se os professores de educação física usam sistemas de avaliação formativa e compartilhada nas aulas, bem como observar as vantagens e desvantagens que supõe este tipo de avaliação. Método: estudo com desenho de uma metodologia mista. Selecionou-se uma amostra por conveniência de 17 professores. Nessa metodologia foram usados como instrumentos de recolha de dados: um questionário fechado com escala tipo Likert e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados e conclusão: evidenciou-se que os professores usam sistemas de avaliação formativa e compartilhada nas suas aulas e consideram que sua vantagem principal é que os alunos são conscientes e melhoram o seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Como principal desvantagem, os professores destacam o volume de trabalho que isso implica tanto para os professores quanto para os alunos.

Relación entre salud y deporte escolar desde una perspectiva intercultural, un estudio multicaso / Correlation between health and school sports from an intercultural perspective: multiple case study

Resumen Introducción. La salud y el deporte configuran prácticas, creencias y relaciones culturales particulares en cada contexto. Objetivo. Analizar las creencias de estudiantes inmigrantes y mapuche-huilliche sobre la relación entre deporte escolar y salud. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio multicaso cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico. Participaron 71 sujetos subdivididos en dos grupos: uno constituido por estudiantes inmigrantes que participaban de un programa de deporte escolar con principios comprensivos de enseñanza en España (n=47) y otro compuesto por alumnos de la etnia Mapuche-Huilliche que participaban de un programa análogo en Chile (n=24). Para la recolección de datos se aplican tres entrevistas colectivas a cada grupo. Resultados. Ambos colectivos perciben una asociación positiva entre la participación en deporte escolar y el desarrollo de la salud en diferentes dimensiones. Existen diferencias respecto a la interpretación cultural que ambos grupos otorgan al concepto salud y sus posibles relaciones con el deporte escolar. Sin embargo, en ambos contextos existen situaciones en que se considera de forma parcial la cultura de los estudiantes para trabajar sobre estos temas. Conclusiones. Estudiantes inmigrantes y mapuche-huilliche establecen creencias positivas sobre la relación entre deporte escolar y desarrollo de salud en sus diferentes manifestaciones.

Abstract Introduction: Health and sports shape particular practices, beliefs and cultural relationships in different contexts. Objective: To analyze the beliefs of immigrant and Huilliche-Mapuche students about the correlation between school sports and health. Materials and methods: A qualitative multiple-case study was developed based on an ethnographic approach. Participants included 71 subjects subdivided into two groups: one made up of immigrant students who participated in a school sports program with comprehensive teaching principles in Spain (n=47) and another made up of Huilliche-Mapuche students who participated in a similar program in Chile (n=24). Three group interviews were applied to each group for data collection. Results: Both groups perceived a positive association between participation in school sports and the development of health in different dimensions. There are differences regarding the cultural interpretation that both groups give to the concept of health and its possible correlation with school sports. However, both contexts present situations in which the culture of students is partially considered to work on these issues. Conclusions: Migrant and Huilliche-Mapuche students reported positive beliefs about the correlation between school sports and health development in its different manifestations.

La percepción del alumnado universitario de educación física sobre la evaluación formativa: ventajas, dificultades y satisfacción / A percepção de estudantes universitários de educação física sobre a avaliação formativa: vantagens, dificuldades e satisfação / Physical education students' perception on formative evaluation: advantages, difficulties and satisfaction

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cómo percibe el alumnado de Formación Inicial del Profesorado de Educación Física la aplicación de un modelo de evaluación formativa, centrándonos en las ventajas, dificultades y grado de satisfacción. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 136 estudiantes de la Facultad de Magisterio. Se aplicó la Escala CMEFIEF y se realizaron estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Los resultados muestran un alto grado de satisfacción y una valoración alta de ventajas, como ofrecer alternativas a todo el alumnado y facilitarle un aprendizaje útil y activo; mientras que las mayores dificultades están relacionadas con las exigencias respecto a la implicación del alumnado. (AU)

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer como os estudantes de formação inicial para professores de Educação Física percebem a aplicação de um modelo de avaliação formativa, enfocando as vantagens, dificuldades e satisfação deste modelo. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 136 estudantes da Faculdade de Educação. A escala CMEFIEF foi aplicada e foram realizadas estatísticas descritiva e inferencial. Os resultados mostram um alto grau de satisfação do aluno e alta valorização dos benefícios, como oferecer alternativas para todos os alunos e proporcionar uma aprendizagem útil e ativa; enquanto as maiores dificuldades estão relacionadas com os requisitos relativos à participação dos estudantes. (AU)

Abstract: This study aims to know how Physical Education studies during initial training perceive the implementation of a model of formative evaluation, focusing on advantages, difficulties and level of satisfaction. The study was conducted with a sample of 136 students from the School of Education. The CMEFIEF Scale was applied and descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. The results show a high level of satisfaction and high appreciation for benefits such as offering alternatives to all students and promoting useful and active learning, while the most important difficulties are related to requirements regarding students' involvement. (AU)

Transforming a municipal school sports programme through a critical communicative methodology: The role of the of advisory committee.

This research applies a communicative methodology (CM) to the transformation and improvement of the Municipal Comprehensive School Sports Programme in Segovia, Spain (MCSSP), using egalitarian dialogue, based on validity rather than power claims to achieve intersubjectivity and arrive at consensus between all of the Programme's stakeholders through the intervention of an advisory committee (AC). The AC is a body comprising representatives of all stakeholder groups involved in the programme. During the 2013-2014 academic year the programme's AC met four times, operating as a communicative focus group (CFG). The meetings focused on: (1) excluding dimensions (barriers preventing transformation) and transforming dimensions (ways of overcoming barriers), (2) the programme's strengths, (3) the programme's weaknesses and specific actions to remedy them, and (4) the resulting conclusions which were then incorporated into the subsequent programme contract signed between the University and the Segovia Local Authority for 2014-2018. The key conclusions were: (1) the recommendations of the AC widen the range of perspectives and help the research team to make key decisions and (2) the use of CM to fully evaluate the programme and to reach a consensus on how to improve it proved very valuable.

Aprendizaje cooperativo en Educación Física / Cooperative learning in Physical Education / Aprendizagem cooperativa na Educação Física

La finalidad del estudio es conocer y analizar la concepción que tienen del aprendizaje cooperativo (AC) un grupo de docentes de Educación Física españoles que son reconocidos como referentes en esta metodología, así como el modo en que lo implementan en sus clases. Se trata de un estudio de caso múltiple, a través de entrevistas, observación no participante y análisis documental. Los resultados indican que todos los docentes participantes conocen los principios generales del AC y lo utilizan, lo conciben como una importante metodología para avanzar en diferentes ámbitos de aprendizaje, consideran que cualquier contenido puede ser enseñado con AC y valoran la importancia de la evaluación formativa y compartida

The purpose of the study is to know and analyze the concept of cooperative learning (CL) of a group of Spanish teachers of Physical Education who are recognized as references in this methodology, as well as the way they implement it in the classroom. It is a multiple case study that utilized interviews, not participant observation and documental analysis. The results indicate that all the participant teachers know the general principles of CL, utilize and consider them as an important methodology to develop the different aspects of learning. Besides, the teachers consider that any content can be taught using the CL and value the importance of the formative and shared evaluation

A finalidade do estudo é conhecer e analisar a concepção de aprendizagem cooperativa (AC) de um grupo de docentes espanhóis de Educação Física, reconhecidos como referência nesta metodologia, assim como o modo que adotam para implementá-la em suas aulas. Trata-se de um estudo de caso múltiplo que utilizou entrevistas, observação não participante e análise documental. Os resultados indicam que todos os docentes participantes conhecem os princípios gerais da AC e os utilizam, concebendo-os como uma importante metodologia para avançar nos diferentes âmbitos da aprendizagem. Além disso, consideram que qualquer conteúdo pode ser ensinado por meio da AC e valorizam a importância da avaliação formativa e compartilhada